Discussion
1)
What
do you need to know or be able to do to control a computer?
This controls a
computer, you need an input device, such as a mouse and keyboard to interact
with a computer, keyboards allow the user to enter data into the computer or
commands into the computer, or a mouse, which allows the user to traverse the
options and controls of a computer
2)
What
do you need to know or be able to do to get information out of a computer?
You may need an output device to see the data and
results from the computer such as a monitor, which will display the contents
from a computer to the user, which will allow the user to see and and locate
data or information asked from the computer. Other output devices can be used
such as speakers, which can output sound for the user to hear certain information
3)
How
can we ensure a computer can assist people to travel in the real world?
The device can
use accessability options such as options for different languages, The device
should have GPS features, so that the user can use GPS applciations such as
maps to give locations and routes when travelling to places new to the user.
The device should also be small, so it is able to be carried around easily.
4)
What
are the requirements for a computer interface?
It needs to be
intuitive and reliable/accessible to all users, whether they are blind, deaf or
know a different language
5)
What
are the requirements for a mobile computer interface?
It should be user friendly, regardless of
the users ability to use the device, so people who are blind, deaf and have
mobile problems can use the device, the system and the parts should be able to
fit into a mobile casing and be able to be carried everywhere seamlessly
6)
Should
your computer be controlled in the same way as your friend’s computer or your
mother’s computer?
ð No, because all users need to
be accessible to all users, and all people are different
7)
How
do you want to control your computer?
ð I prefer to use my computer
with a mouse and keyboard, because since i suffer no disabilities, i dont need
extra utilities to control the computer.
Activity 2 - What
is a Screen Reader?
A screen reader is a software application that enables
people with severe visual impairments to use a computer. Screen readers work
closely with the computer’s Operating System (OS) to provide information about
icons, menus, dialogue boxes, files and folders. A screen reader provides
access to the entire OS that it works with, including many common applications.
http://www.nomensa.com/blog/2005/what-is-a-screen-reader
Demonstration of a
Screen Reader
Look
at;
1)
Screen
reader demo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PMuBQ7LyOw
2)
An
introduction to NVDA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjCQ30gBEsU
3)
Accessiblity
for online learning - # 1 NVDA screen reader demo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZG3lwCzXb0
Install NVDA on a
USB Flash Drive
1)
Go
to http://www.nvaccess.org/ then investigate and
download a version of NVDA to a USB flash drive.
2)
Read
http://webaim.org/articles/nvda/ to discover the basics of
using NVDA.
Using NVDA
Once
you are confident that you know how to use NVDA;
1)
Switch
off you screen,
2)
unplug
your mouse,
3)
Use
NVDA to access, read and interact with a web page of your choice.
Reflect on your
experience
A
computer is a flexible system that can be used with a wide range of input and
output devices, including devices designed for people with disabilities and
special requirements. For this assessment you must;
·
Read
Types of Assistive Technology Products http://www.microsoft.com/enable/at/types.aspx
·
Reflect
on how the presentation of material effects your appreciation of it.
·
Consider
how to design web resources so that they can be used by people using a range of
input and output devices.
Further Resources
·
7
Accessibility Myths http://www.nomensa.com/blog/2012/7-web-accessibility-myths-2/
·
First
Seven Steps to Accessible Websites http://www.onevoiceict.org/tools/tools/seven-steps
·
Introduction
to Web Accessibility http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/accessibility.php
And
anything else you need …………………..
Activity 3 – Mobile
Accessibility
Background
The
Mobile Accessibility Task Force (Mobile A11Y TF) of the Web Accessibility
Initiative are currently involved in writing guidelines to ensure that people
with disabilities can successfully use mobile technology (including Smartphones
and tablets) see https://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/mobile-a11y-tf/ for a description for their
work.
Resources
·
Basic
information on web accessibility can be found at https://www.w3.org/WAI/gettingstarted/Overview.html
·
A
classification list of disabilities can be found at the International
Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/icfchecklist.pdf?ua=1
·
There
is a lot of information available online on how people with disabilities use
mobile technology – see for instance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdcHIv1ISdk&list=PLcfAQnpDwrQVBGXF6S9pdGKWRzxg2078h (other videos for other
operating systems are also available).
Task
In
groups of 3 or 4 people your task is to write a list of the ten most important
points that you think that the Mobile Accessibility Task Force need to
consider, be as specific as possible, so mention elements such as font size,
colour contrast etc. Remember you are focusing on mobile devices so the design
factors might be different than for fixed machine web access.
When
you are undertaking this task focus on the tasks that people want to use their
smartphones for and then the design decisions that need to be made to enable a
person to do them, so consider how;
·
A
user can access social media
ð Open the social media app
ð A blind person can use speech
to text, text to speech and speech to command applications
ð A deaf person needs limited
help when accessing social media, outside of subtitles
ð A foreign person can change
the language of the social media app from the settings
·
A
user can know a page is secure before they input private information.
ð Search the web page, check
the validity of the website, input the information
ð A blind person can speech to
text, and use a application that can audibly announce whether the web page is
secure or not by checking if the website is encrypted and is a popular web
page.
ð A deaf person needs limited
help with accessing a web page, however an application can be used to notify
the user whether the web page is secure or not
·
A
user can select an item to buy.
ð Search the webpage market,
select the wanted item, go to checkout, insert payment info and confirm payment
ð A blind person can use text
to speech, speech to text, and speech to command applications which can read
out the page, the items and their price, and the user can select what item they
want by speaking, and when they want to checkout they can say so, when entering
payment info, it will read out what is needed, and can read out their info to
the computer which will automatically insert the details.
ð A deaf person needs minimal
help in this regard
ð A foreign user can change the
currency of the marketplace
·
A
user can send a text message to a friend.
ð Open the text messaging app,
select the friend they want to text
ð A deaf person can use
captions and subtitles for audio
ð Blind person can use speech
to text and speech to command applications and use audio
·
A
user can easily find what they are looking for
ð Open mobile device, search
what they want to use on the mobile device
ð A blind person can use speech
to command to traverse the mobile device
ð Foreign user can change the
country settings, which affects the language, keyboard and currency
·
A
user has a lot of options in what they want to customize to make their
experience more easier, such as change in fonts, change in colour contrast etc
ð Colourblind users can change
the color settings to suit colourblind users
ð Deaf users can select
captions, subtitles for videos, and vibrations
ð Blind users can select text
to speech or audio to hear text read from the device
ð Partially blind users can
increase the brightness of the device
ð Users sensitive to light can
change the colour contrast
·
A
user can easily access locations or GPS
ð Open the GPS app, insert the
location, get info on where they need to go
ð Blind users can use speech to
text or speech to command to insert locations and routes to take when they use
the application
ð Deaf users, subtitles and
captions, and images or video to show where they need to go
·
A
user can easily contact another person
ð Open the contact app, call
the person/ business
ð Blind users can use speech to
command to call specific people, and set certain buttons on the device to
decline or accept calls
ð Deaf person can use subtitles
and vibrations to check calls
·
A
user can easily make use of apps needed for planning for example calendars,
reminders, notes etc
ð Open the planning app,
traverse the app to make specific plans, enter the details, save the details on
the planning app and get reminded of them
ð Blind people can use audio
such as text to speech, alarms and speech to text to be alerted of events and
be able to set events in the app
ð Deaf people can use
vibrations to be reminded of events
·
A
user can store information like pictures, videos easily if their storage
ð A user can save numbers,
pictures and videos on their mobile storage, be able to access the information
again at a later time
ð A blind user can use audio to
audibly tell the user what file and information they are currently looking at,
they can use speech to command to traverse the storage to select certain
information
Elements of Task
1)
Consider
the activities that you use a smartphone for?
2)
Consider
what other people use smartphones for?
3)
Consider
the activities that you use a tablet for?
4)
Consider
what other people use a tablet for?
When you have a complete list of tasks.
5)
Divide
each task into it’s separate elements (e.g. purchasing a book could involve
opening a browser, selecting an online store, opening a website, finding the
correct book, selecting the correct book, checking the security of the payment
system, inputting finical information etc.)
6)
Categorise
the task elements into groups which have similar requirements from the user and
the hardware and software).
When you have a list of categorised sub-tasks.
7)
Consider
how the hardware or software would need to be designed to enable somebody who
is blind or has a visual impairment to do each task?
8)
Consider
how the hardware or software would need to be designed to enable somebody who
is deaf or who has a hearing impairment to do each task?
9)
Consider
how the hardware or software would need to be designed to enable somebody who
is deaf-blind to do each task?
10) Consider how the hardware or
software would need to be designed to enable somebody who has a physical
impairment to do each task (Note - a physical impairment may affect their
dexterity and motor skills of their hands or of their face so they may not be
able to type or they may not be able to speak)?
11) Consider how the hardware or
software would need to be designed to enable somebody who has a cognitive
impairment to do each task (Note – consider a range of cognitive impairments
from mild to severe (A person with dyslexia might just require a spell checker
whilst a person with a learning disability might require the mobile phone to be
set up for shared use so a carer or friend can ensure safe use))?
12) Consider how the hardware or
software would need to be designed to enable somebody who has multiple impairments
to do each task?
When you have a complete list of design solutions.
13) Identify the ten most
important, prioritise them and put them in a list.
14) Write an explanation of why
you selected your ten design rules.
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